EU wind turbine trade gains momentum as 2025 imports and exports rise

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EU wind turbine trade 2025

Highlights

EU imports €11.4 billion of green energy products and exports €4.6 billion in 2025, with wind turbine exports rising 10.8% in value to €3.1 billion.
Solar panel import value drops 27.7% to €8.0 billion and biofuel import value declines 7.9% to €2.7 billion, as average solar panel prices fall.
China increases wind turbine import share to 59.6% (from 41.3% in 2024), overtaking India as the EU's leading wind turbine supplier in 2025.

2025 trade patterns across green energy products

As reported by Eurostat, the EU imports €11.4 billion worth of green energy products in 2025, covering solar panels, biofuels and wind turbines, while exports total €4.6 billion.

Solar panels remain the largest import category, but their value falls 27.7% to €8.0 billion. Import volumes decline by 4.0%, indicating that the average price of imported panels falls as well.

Biofuel imports are worth €2.7 billion, down 7.9% from the previous year, while import volumes decrease by 11.6%. On the export side, the EU ships €0.5 billion of solar panels in 2025, with export value down 23.6% even as volume edges up 2.6%.

EU biofuel exports are valued at €1.0 billion after a 45.9% drop in value and a 46.2% decline in volume compared with the previous year. By contrast, wind turbines record the strongest export performance among the three product groups, with exports reaching €3.1 billion after value rises 10.8% and volume increases 9.5%.

China expands role in turbine and solar supply

China remains by far the dominant supplier of solar panels to the EU in 2025, accounting for 98.6% of all imports. The data underline the bloc's continued reliance on Chinese supply in that segment despite the drop in total import value.

In liquid biofuels, Malaysia leads with a 21.9% share of EU imports, followed by the U.S. at 16.1%, Argentina at 12.4% and the UK at 12.3%. China drops out of the leading group as its share falls from 24.2% in 2024 to 1.3% in 2025, while Malaysia and the U.S. increase their shares from 15.3% and 8.4%, respectively.

Wind turbine imports are sourced mainly from China and India in 2025, with shares of 59.6% and 22.2%, respectively. Compared with 2024, China lifts its share from 41.3% and overtakes India as the EU's top wind turbine supplier.

In our earlier coverage of WTO warnings on lasting trade disruptions, we highlighted how wars and rising geopolitical risks are pushing companies to redesign supply chains and shipping routes for resilience, even at higher cost. The WTO also pointed to sharp trade contractions in conflict-affected regions and suggested that more regionalized trade patterns could persist as countries and firms seek protection against future shocks.

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