EU rare earth trade rebounds as 2025 imports and exports rise
After a sharp drop in 2024, the European Union records higher trade in rare earth elements in 2025 across both volumes and values. The increase highlights renewed flows in a strategic raw materials segment used in consumer electronics and advanced medical technologies.
Highlights
- EU rare earth imports rise 17.1% to 15,100 tonnes in 2025, with exports up 21.1% to 6,700 tonnes, signaling trade recovery.
- The value of EU rare earth imports grows 23.2% to 124.9 million euros in 2025, while export value jumps 29.9% to 124.7 million euros.
- China supplies 46.8% of EU rare earth imports in 2025 (7,100 tonnes), followed by Russia with 25.9% (3,900 tonnes) and Malaysia with 23.1% (3,500 tonnes).
Eurostat data show recovery in 2025 flows
As reported by Eurostat, EU imports of rare earth elements rise by 17.1% in 2025 to 15,100 tonnes, while exports increase by 21.1% to 6,700 tonnes.The value of imports climbs by 23.2% to 124.9 million euros, and the value of exports grows by 29.9% to 124.7 million euros. The data point to a recovery in trade after the steep decline recorded in 2024.
China remains the main supplier
Rare earth elements are a group of 17 specialty metals considered economically important and exposed to high supply risk. They are used in high-tech products including mobile phones, computers and advanced medical technologies.In 2025, China remains the EU's largest import partner by weight, supplying 46.8% of total imports, or 7,100 tonnes. Russia follows with 25.9%, or 3,900 tonnes, and Malaysia ranks third with 23.1%, or 3,500 tonnes, while Japan and the U.S. account for 1.6% and 0.9% respectively.
Our earlier article covered growing pressure on the European Commission to close loopholes in the EU’s ban on Russian primary aluminium, after producers warned that Russian metal may still be entering the bloc via third countries. It focused on calls for “smelt and cast” origin disclosures to track where aluminium was originally produced, and on the wider debate over tightening restrictions linked to Russia’s metals trade.
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