Canada ecosystem harvest trends show record 2025 crop output as forestry and fisheries weaken

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Canada crop output 2025

Highlights

Canada's agricultural ecosystems are projected to supply a record 146.6 million tonnes of biomass in 2025, with field crop production up 11% to 109.3 million tonnes.
Saskatchewan, Alberta, and Manitoba each reach record field crop outputs in 2025, highlighting the Prairie provinces' dominant contribution to national crop supply.
Forestry's share of total biomass harvest declines to 46% in 2024 from over 70% in 2002, while sea fisheries landings drop for a fifth year to their lowest since 2002 at 613 kilotonnes.

Crop output expands across Prairie provinces

As reported by Statistics Canada, agricultural ecosystems supply 146.6 million tonnes of biomass in 2025, including field crops, hay, vegetables, fruit and honey. Favorable growing conditions lift yields and push field crop production, including grains, oilseeds and pulses, to 109.3 million tonnes, up 11% from the previous year.

Saskatchewan records 42.7 million tonnes of field crop production in 2025, while Alberta reaches 28.4 million tonnes and Manitoba 15.7 million tonnes. Each province posts a record high, underlining the Prairies' central role in Canada's crop economy.

Vegetable production totals 8.2 million tonnes in 2025, with Quebec, Alberta, Ontario, Manitoba and Prince Edward Island accounting for 86% of national output. Alberta's vegetable harvest more than doubles from 0.7 million tonnes in 2002 to 1.6 million tonnes in 2025, representing more than half of the national increase.

Fruit production remains concentrated in Quebec, Ontario and British Columbia. Quebec's fruit harvest rises from 116 kilotonnes in 2002 to 326 kilotonnes in 2025, accounting for more than 60% of the increase in Canada's total fruit harvest, while its national share climbs from 20% to 36%.

Statistics Canada also estimates that wild pollinators contribute between 2.4% and 3.1% of Canada's harvested crop biomass each year from 2016 to 2024. That indicates a continuing economic role for natural land cover and wild bee populations in supporting output across field crops, fruits and vegetables.

Forestry and fisheries remain under pressure

Forest ecosystems supply 118.4 million tonnes of timber in 2024, equal to 46% of the biomass harvested commercially from Canada's ecosystems. That share is down from more than 70% in 2002, showing a long-term decline in forestry's weight within the country's broader biomass harvest.

British Columbia accounts for 33% of timber harvested in 2024, followed by Quebec at 22% and Alberta at 19%. British Columbia's timber harvest has fallen by around half since 2002, compared with a decrease of nearly one-third in the rest of the country.

Woodland products outside timber also contribute to output, with maple syrup extraction reaching 113.5 kilotonnes in 2025. In marine production, sea fisheries landings fall to 613 kilotonnes in 2024, the fifth consecutive annual decline and the lowest level since 2002.

Fish landings reach their lowest levels since 2002 in British Columbia, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Quebec. Shellfish aquaculture production stands at 37.6 kilotonnes in 2024, with Prince Edward Island responsible for 55% of Canada's total, pointing to aquaculture's growing importance within coastal biomass supply.

In our earlier article on the Strait of Hormuz shipping disruption, we examined how delays and higher transport costs were starting to affect harvests and planting decisions through reduced fertilizer use and rising operating expenses. We also noted that these constraints were lifting agricultural commodity prices and increasing food-security risks in import-dependent regions, as supply chains absorb higher costs and uncertainty.

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